USDA rule would require RFID tagging of all cattle and bison that move across state lines

The USDA has recently finalized a rule that mandates radio-frequency identification (RFID) ear tags for all cattle and bison moving across state lines.

These RFID tags use radio frequency waves to transmit and collect data, functioning like electronic barcodes. Scanners can read RFID chips from a few meters up to around 100 meters away. In the livestock context, scanning an RFID tag reveals information such as a cow’s birth date, weight, vaccine records, ownership history, and movement history.

The USDA justifies this RFID mandate on public health grounds, aiming to trace and prevent disease outbreaks among livestock. However, there are concerns. First, electronic RFID tags are twice as expensive as traditional metal tags and require additional investments in scanners and software. Small farmers find this cost-prohibitive. Second, visually identifying electronic tags from a distance during cattle drives poses challenges.

Many farmers continue to use physical metal tags alongside electronic ones, resulting in a double investment1. Additionally, tag retention remains an issue, with some cows losing up to 50% of RFID tags after five years.