Sugar-Based Sensors Enable Rapid and Affordable Snake Venom Detection

Scientists at the University of Warwick have developed a novel sensor that can rapidly detect snake venom using synthetic sugar-based molecules, offering a faster and cheaper alternative to traditional diagnostics.

The new method uses glycopolymers—synthetic molecules designed to mimic sugars found on human cells. These glycopolymers are attached to gold nanoparticles. When venom is present, it binds to these sugar-mimicking molecules, causing a color change that can be easily seen without special lab equipment.

The sensor is specifically tuned to detect venom from the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), which targets galactose-containing sugar structures on blood cells and immune cells. This targeting disrupts normal blood clotting and immune functions. Notably, the sensor did not react to venom from other species, like the Indian cobra, demonstrating its potential for species-specific detection.

Snakebites affect hundreds of thousands of people globally, especially in rural or resource-limited areas. Traditional tests often rely on antibodies, which are expensive and slow to produce. This sugar-based test provides a low-cost, quick-response tool that could save lives and improve treatment outcomes.

The researchers believe this platform could be adapted to detect venoms from other snake species in the future, marking a step forward in accessible diagnostics for venomous bites.